What is the difference between `shallow copy` and `deep copy` and which methods in JavaScript create each?

Question

JavaScript Professional — Medium

What is the difference between `shallow copy` and `deep copy` and which methods in JavaScript create each?

Accepted Answer

Shallow copy in JavaScript duplicates only the top-level properties, while deep copy recursively duplicates all nested objects. This distinction is important because shallow copies still share references to nested objects, making them vulnerable to unintended changes.