What is `__call__` in Python and what does implementing it on a class enable?

Explanation

Implementing `__call__` in a Python class allows instances of the class to be called like functions. When obj() is invoked, __call__ executes, making the object callable. This is commonly used for creating callable objects, class-based decorators, and function-like objects that retain state between calls.

Key points

`__call__` enables instances of a class to be called like functions
It is used for creating callable objects and class-based decorators
The method is executed when the instance is called with ()
Objects implementing __call__ can retain state between calls

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