What is `__init_subclass__` in Python and when is it useful?

Explanation

`__init_subclass__` is a class method called on the base class whenever it is subclassed. It allows the base class to perform actions like registering subclasses or validating attributes during subclass creation.

Key points

`__init_subclass__` is not automatically called in subclass constructors
It is a way for the base class to interact with subclasses during creation
This method is useful for customizing subclass behavior without using metaclasses

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